Nederlands
Concepts / Grammar
Section titled “Concepts / Grammar”Articles: “de” vs “het”
Section titled “Articles: “de” vs “het””- Rule: “de” for masculine/feminine nouns, “het” for neuter nouns.
- How to determine:
- Memorization + patterns (most diminutives end in -je → het)
- Animate objects usually take “de”
- Examples:
- De man (the man) ✅ / Het man ❌
- Het huis (the house) ✅ / De huis ❌
- Patterns & Tips:
- Words ending in -ing, -heid, -tie → usually de
- Words ending in -je → usually het
- Exceptions must be memorized.
Verb endings: “d” vs “t”
Section titled “Verb endings: “d” vs “t””- Rule: Dutch verbs in past tense may end in -d or -t depending on stem + suffix rules (“‘t kofschip” rule)
- Examples:
- Hou → Hield (past), Hou(d) → hield (past)
- Trouw → Trouwde (past)
- Tip: Memorize “‘t kofschip” table for stem consonants to predict past tense endings.
Verb patterns
Section titled “Verb patterns”- Present / Past / Plural
- Hou / Houd / Houdt
- Trouwt / Trouwde / Trouwden
- Special notes: Pay attention to vowel changes and consonant doubling rules.
Numbers / Counting
Section titled “Numbers / Counting”- 1–30: simple memorization, after 30 patterns repeat (e.g., 31 = éénendertig)
- 4th and higher: number + “de” (vierde, vijfde …)
| Number | Dutch |
|---|---|
| 1 | één |
| 2 | twee |
| 3 | drie |
| 4 | vierde |
| 5 | vijfde |
| … | … |
Tip: Once you can count 1–30, you’re golden; beyond that it’s formulaic.
Patterns / Examples
Section titled “Patterns / Examples”- Common mistakes:
- Is zijn spullen ❌ / Zijn zijn spullen ❌ / Zijn spullen ✅
- De raam ❌ / Het raam ✅
- Het auto ❌ / De auto ✅ / Een auto ✅
- Ademt ✅ / Ademde ❌
- Echtgenote ❌ / Echtgenoot ✅
- Dit groente ❌ / Deze groente ✅
- Pattern: Watch article + gender + number; past tense follows stem + ‘t kofschip rules.